Atlantic Canada has excellent conditions for offshore wind – shallow water close to land and strong sustained winds. The region also has existing infrastructure, a strong industrial base, skilled workforce with transferable skills (offshore experience from oil & gas industry), and suitable deep-water ports serving as supply and service hubs with export opportunities to the US markets.

Currently, there are no offshore wind projects underway in Atlantic Canada. Although developers such as Nova East and Simply Blue have expressed interest in pursuing specific offshore wind projects in the area, the current absence of a relevant regulatory framework in Atlantic Canada has paused authorizations for offshore renewable projects.

Regulatory Framework

Nova Scotia’s offshore energy sector has historically been regulated by the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (CNSOPB) which was established in the late 1980s to manage offshore petroleum activities. This framework encompasses safety standards, environmental assessments, and permitting processes. However, both the federal and provincial governments now recognize the need for an updated regulatory regime tailored to specifically include offshore wind energy and ensure a streamlined and efficient permitting process for timely project approvals. Adapting and expanding this regulatory regime to accommodate offshore wind energy is currently in progress.

Provincial Waters

Offshore areas in Atlantic Canada are currently managed jointly by both the federal and provincial governments, with the specific nearshore maritime zones falling under provincial jurisdiction. While efforts are underway to update the Nova Scotia and Newfoundland Offshore Accord Acts to include marine renewables like offshore wind in the jointly managed regions, Nova Scotia’s provincial Marine Renewable-energy Act provides a regulatory framework for projects within provincial waters.

Marine Renewable-energy Act

• Introduced in 2015 and took effect in January 2018.

• Regulates offshore wind development within provincial waters (up to 3 nautical miles).

• Only directly pertains to Nova Scotia.

The implementation and key provisions of the Act established the first comprehensive regulatory framework for marine renewable energy projects in Canada. This Act fills a regulatory gap within the provincial jurisdiction, complementing federal efforts like Bill C-49, which target offshore renewable energy projects beyond provincial boundaries.

It opens new opportunities for developers by allowing diverse technologies to harness tidal, wave, and wind energy encouraging innovative marine renewable energy projects beyond previous models like Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) or Community Feed-in Tariff (COMFIT).

• FORCE stands for Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy, which is a research facility located in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, Canada. It serves as a testing ground for various technologies related to tidal energy generation.

• COMFIT stands for Community Feed-in Tariff, a program in Nova Scotia designed to promote community participation in renewable energy projects.

The Act designates two “marine renewable energy priority areas” (currently located in the Bay of Fundy and Cape Breton’s Bras d’Or Lakes). Marine renewable energy projects are only undertaken in the priority areas under a permit or license issued by the Minister of Energy. It designates smaller marine renewable-electricity areas (MREAs) specifically for in-stream tidal projects within the larger Bay of Fundy area. It also sets up new licensing and permitting regimes for the construction, installation, and operation of generators and related equipment, streamlining the process through proactive applications with specific criteria and timelines. Proponents must have a license or permit issued under the Act to construct, install or operate a generator, or a cable or any other equipment or structure used or intended to be used with a generator, within a Priority Area.

This legislation introduces constraints such as limiting the commercial sale of electricity for onshore use primarily to in-stream tidal energy generation and pricing uncertainties for grid-connected projects. It mandates compliance with environmental and Aboriginal engagement requirements while setting limits on demonstration permits' capacity. The Act outlines essential project planning details, including application requirements, environmental monitoring, engagement obligations, intergovernmental consultation processes, and permit terms, alongside providing flexibility and guidance to accommodate the early stage of the marine renewable energy industry.

Nova Scotia recently announced a pause (Nov 2023) in the plan to advance offshore wind projects within provincial waters - emphasizing the importance of creating a robust regulatory framework for jointly managed offshore areas before investigating waters solely under provincial control. This decision was made to address concerns raised by regional fisheries organizations. Lobbying by these groups highlights the importance of considering the potential impact of wind farms on historic fishing grounds, which are already crowded and under strain due to various factors. Site selection for early projects will need to prioritize factors such as infrastructure, environmental considerations, and collaboration with Indigenous communities and the fishing industry. 

The recently issued Nova Scotia Offshore Wind Roadmap (Module One) anticipates that the Act will transition its role once Bill C-49 comes into full effect, focusing on provincial nearshore areas while federal regulations handle projects in jointly managed offshore waters. Even after this transition, the Act could still influence how nearshore wind projects are managed and approved in Nova Scotia.

Provincial Environmental Assessment

Projects exceeding a production rating of 2 MW must undergo site-specific Environmental Assessments following the guidelines of the Nova Scotia Environment Act and Environmental Assessment Regulations.

There are two types of EAs under the provincial system:

• Class 1 projects are generally smaller in size and may or may not have notable environmental effects or raise significant public concerns. As a result, a public evaluation of the initial submission or registration by the proponent is mandatory, with the Minister determining if a more thorough review or public hearing is necessary.

• Class 2 projects are typically larger in scope and are recognized for their potential to cause substantial environmental impacts and public apprehension. They require an environmental assessment report and a formal public review process that may involve hearings.

Jointly Managed Waters

The shared jurisdiction encompasses waters extending from shorelines outside bays within Canada's exclusive economic zone, extending 200 nautical miles—an expanse that requires careful planning and consideration. With its experience in offshore petroleum regulation, the CNSOPB is now undergoing a transformation to become the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Energy Regulator (CNSOER), reflecting a broader mandate to regulate offshore renewable energy projects, particularly offshore wind. This expansion is aimed at ensuring a smooth transition to the regulation of offshore wind activities, with a strong emphasis on safety and environmental protection.

Bill C-49

The Federal Government recently introduced Bill C-49 during the summer of 2023, aimed at instituting a contemporary regulatory framework for offshore wind projects. The bill will expand the existing regulatory mechanisms of the CNSOPB & CNLOPB established under the Nova Scotia and Newfoundland Offshore Accord Acts by leveraging the foundational petroleum regulatory regimes of both provinces.

This bill seeks to modernize the regulation of offshore energy resources by establishing a unified federal-provincial regulatory framework, introducing new environmental safeguards, and promoting sustainable development. It expands enforcement tools for safety and environmental protection, clarifies jurisdictional rules, and sets standards for Marine Protected Areas within offshore areas governed by the regulations. Bill C-49 also seeks to improve alignment with the Impact Assessment Act, establish new authorities to support Canada's marine conservation targets, and streamline applications for seabed rights approvals.

Offshore Accord Acts

Both the federal and provincial governments are introducing legislative changes to accommodate the regulatory adjustments necessary for offshore wind development. This legislative overhaul aligns with broader initiatives such as Nova Scotia's Climate Change Action Plan and Renewable Electricity Plan, which demonstrate the province's commitment to transitioning to renewable energy sources.

The Government of Canada has introduced amendments aimed at instituting a collaborative management framework with the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia concerning offshore renewable energy. These amendments, set forth in the Canada–Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act and Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act (referred to as the Accord Acts), will broaden the responsibilities of the two offshore petroleum boards to encompass the oversight of offshore renewable energy activities, particularly offshore wind projects.

Offshore Wind Roadmaps

In 2022, Nova Scotia announced its target to allocate leases for 5 GW of offshore wind energy by 2030, signifying a substantial commitment to renewable energy development. The first Call for Bids is planned for 2025. To progress towards this goal, the province developed the Offshore Wind Roadmap, made up of three modules. This roadmap outlines the province’s vision for offshore wind and provides a regulatory path for project developers.

• Module 1 – (released May 2023) outlines the legislative and regulatory requirements for offshore wind projects.

• Module 2 – (expected mid-2024) will outline supply chain, infrastructure, and clean growth opportunities for offshore wind and provide more information on the development of a clear regulatory regime for the jointly managed waters.

• Module 3 – (expected in Fall 2024) will incorporate input from Indigenous peoples, industry, academia, and community stakeholders. It will also incorporate feedback from the federal-provincial regional assessment of offshore wind development started in March 2023 with ongoing engagement beyond the module's release.

The first module signaled the province’s intent to pursue early wind development in nearshore areas under its jurisdiction, with seabed rights issuance slated to begin in 2024 (currently on pause due to concerns from stakeholders). Module 1 also highlighted Nova Scotia's commitment to align provincial legislative amendments with federal amendments introduced through Bill C-49. These amendments are necessary to modernize the mandate of the CNSOPB and establish a regulatory framework for offshore wind development in joint federal-provincial managed areas.

Regional Assessments

The regulatory process for offshore wind development involves streamlining procedures for bidding and license approval to speed up project development while maintaining rigorous reviews. Currently there are two comprehensive Regional Assessments underway; one each for Nova Scotia and Newfoundland & Labrador to evaluate the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts of offshore wind projects.

These Regional Assessments play an important role in the developing regulatory framework by providing comprehensive data and analysis to inform regulatory decisions. They will help regulators understand the potential benefits and risks associated with offshore wind development and ensure that proposed projects comply with existing regulations and environmental standards. Additionally, the assessments will facilitate stakeholder engagement and public consultation, allowing for input from various interested parties in the decision-making process.

Project Specific Environmental Assessments

As part of the current petroleum focused system of CNSOPB Activity Authorizations, developers seeking to operate in the Canada-Nova Scotia offshore region are mandated to undertake a project-specific Environmental Assessment as part of their application process for conducting offshore operations. It is expected that this approach will continue once the framework includes renewable energy. Approval of the content within the project specific assessment is a prerequisite before any offshore activities can begin. The project-specific Environmental Assessment is an extension of the data gathered during the Regional Assessment and aids in forecasting the potential effects of a proposed operation on the marine environment within a designated offshore area. The necessity for project-specific Environmental Assessments and/or Impact Assessments is contingent upon the nature of the operation, with both the Board and/or the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC) stipulating these requirements.

Depending on the nature of the activity, a project-specific environmental assessment may be conducted through the Board, or IAAC may lead an impact assessment to support the Board’s evaluation of an application under the Accord Acts. The duration of an environmental assessment or impact assessment process can vary from approximately six months to three years, based on legislative requirements for the specific activity proposed. This process must be finalized before approval can be granted for an authorization for offshore activities.

Before proposing an activity, operators are required to prepare and gather documentation related to the project, along with undergoing the environmental assessment process. Additionally, operators must apply for an operating license and renew it upon expiry; licenses cannot be transferred between companies.

When operators are ready to submit documents for activity authorization, a coordinator is assigned to facilitate the review conducted by the Board. Upon completion of document reviews and granting of authorization, the Board’s focus shifts to Monitoring and Compliance. This phase ensures that activities adhere to all regulatory requirements and commitments outlined in the application.

Supporting Role - US Offshore Wind

Along with the region’s own sector growth, the strategic location of Atlantic Canada to New England's developing offshore wind projects holds broad industry promise for both countries. As the US accelerates its adoption of offshore wind energy, the Jones Act, a US federal statute that mandates the use of US-built and operated vessels for domestic maritime commerce, presents a challenge for their industry's growth. This is where Atlantic Canada's well-established maritime ability and supply chain efficiencies come into play.

Nova Scotia’s heritage and industry experience position the province as a natural partner for the US offshore wind sector. With shared waters, Nova Scotia serves as a hub for supplying the necessary components and services, helping both economies while adhering to the Jones Act regulations. The Port of Halifax is serving as a waypoint in the logistics & supply chain to service the developing wind projects off the US east coast. This collaboration highlights the potential for trans-border cooperation and shows how historical ties and regional strengths can fuel the renewable energy transition in a sustainable and mutually beneficial manner.

Additionally, there is the development of a New England – Maritimes Offshore Energy Corridor (NEMOEC).  This transmission corridor aims to connect wind turbines off the coast of Nova Scotia and in the Gulf of Maine to power grids in Nova Scotia and New England. This project is a planned 2 GW high voltage direct current (HVDC) subsea transmission corridor. The NEMOEC project is expected to bring significant benefits, including unlocking access to renewable energy sources, reducing reliance on natural gas, improving grid reliability, minimizing impacts on local fisheries, and providing opportunities for wind developers to sell their product where it can generate the highest revenue.

Despite the current absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, initiatives such as Nova Scotia's Marine Renewable-energy Act and the Federal Government's Bill C-49 reflect proactive steps toward facilitating offshore wind projects. Collaborative efforts between federal and provincial governments, alongside regional assessments and strategic partnerships with UK, Europe, and the United States, demonstrate a commitment to responsible and efficient renewable energy development. Prioritizing environmental sustainability and inclusive decision-making processes will be key as Atlantic Canada navigates the complexities of offshore wind development. By leveraging our regional strengths and marine innovation, Nova Scotia can position itself as a leader in offshore wind, contributing to global efforts in combating climate change.

For more of my posts on Nova Scotia's offshore wind, see here, here, and here.

The energy landscape in Atlantic Canada is undergoing a transformative shift, fueled by the promise of renewable energy such as wind and green hydrogen (produced via electrolysis powered by wind energy). Green hydrogen offers promise for a sustainable future, yet harnessing its potential requires a balanced approach that recognizes both the exciting possibilities and the challenges we must address.

Wind-Powered Potential

Green hydrogen is produced via water electrolysis (separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen) using renewable electricity, providing a cleaner alternative to grey hydrogen sourced from carbon based fuels. Atlantic Canada, with its abundant onshore and offshore wind resources, emerges as a potential frontrunner in green hydrogen production. Nova Scotia's Green Hydrogen Action Plan outlines a comprehensive strategy, emphasizing geographical advantages for export to Europe and focusing on critical areas like workforce training, community engagement, and regulatory support. The province recently approved green hydrogen projects (and the storable derivative - green ammonia) with commercial operation anticipated by 2028. 

Developing Projects

Nova Scotia's ambitious ventures include two large-scale projects that leverage the abundant renewable resources of onshore and offshore wind. Major projects like EverWind Fuels' Point Tupper facility (anticipated launch in 2025) and Bear Head Energy's venture (targeting 2028 operation) mark significant milestones, promising economic contributions and large-scale production. Similarly, Newfoundland and Labrador boasts initiatives like World Energy's green hydrogen/ammonia production facility, aiming to be Canada's first commercial venture, with aspirations to establish Atlantic Canada as a key green hydrogen hub for Europe. Notably, the province aims to collaborate with the Port of Rotterdam, positioning itself as a vital green hydrogen hub for northwestern Europe. These initiatives demonstrate the region's commitment to sustainable energy production (S&P Global). 

Economic and Social Impacts

The economic and social implications of green hydrogen are evident. It attracts investment, stimulates economic growth, aligns with Canada's net-zero 2050 goal, and positions Atlantic Canada as a leader in green energy (Atlantic Hydrogen Alliance). But responsible development is essential. In the exploration of green hydrogen's potential in Atlantic Canada, there is a lot of hype and uncertainty, especially surrounding the local and international demand for eco-friendly green hydrogen. 

While there is a great deal of regional optimism today, challenges require careful consideration. The evolving hydrogen market, production costs, and technological bottlenecks in transportation require strategic solutions. Environmental concerns like ecosystem impacts, noise pollution, and the possibility of hydrogen leaks contributing to greenhouse gas emissions necessitate responsible mitigation strategies (EDF). The industry requires careful consideration amid global energy transformations and climate change goals. Logistical hurdles, transportation bottlenecks, and regulatory complexities pose obstacles. Delays in market readiness and project timelines also amplify the need for strategic planning and collaborative problem-solving.

Charting a Sustainable Path

Addressing and mitigating these challenges will need a multi-pronged approach. Streamlining regulations, investing in innovative technologies, and fostering international collaborations are important strategies for steering green hydrogen projects toward sustainable success in Atlantic Canada. Responsible development requires transparent stakeholder engagement, addressing social concerns like potential job displacement and ensuring fair distribution of benefits within communities (IREA). Understanding potential risks and implementing a collaborative stakeholder-driven approach is essential to mitigate these risks and secure the industry's long-term success. 

Beyond economic benefits, the establishment of green hydrogen projects may lead to a sustainable and innovative energy sector in Atlantic Canada and position the region as a leader in the production and export of green hydrogen. This transition has broad implications for the communities in Atlantic Canada. Capitalizing on the region's access to abundant renewable energy resources and relatively low population, it fuels a greener energy future. The potential social impacts of green hydrogen projects in Atlantic Canada are significant. The development of a green hydrogen industry not only stimulates economic growth but also attracts investment to the region. Additionally, this transition to green hydrogen is a step towards the decarbonization of the economy acting as a catalyst in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and aligning with global efforts to combat climate change. 

With strategic planning, responsible development, and collaborative efforts, Atlantic Canada has the potential to harness the power of green hydrogen for a sustainable, carbon-neutral future. Acknowledging the challenges and remaining cautious of potential downsides is important to ensure this path leads to a responsible future for Atlantic Canada and our greater economic market.

The government of Nova Scotia recently announced a pause in its plan to fast-track offshore wind projects within waters under the provincial jurisdiction. The decision emphasized the importance of creating a robust regulatory framework for jointly managed offshore areas before investigating waters solely under provincial control. The shared jurisdiction encompasses waters extending from shorelines outside bays within Canada's exclusive economic zone, extending 200 nautical miles—an expanse that requires careful planning and consideration.

Collaborative Development for Offshore Wind Farms

Although it seems like a setback, it's a decision made to address concerns raised by regional fisheries organizations. Lobbying by these groups highlight the importance of considering the potential impact of wind farms on historic fishing grounds, which are already crowded and under strain due to various factors. Fishing is a historical and deeply ingrained industry here in Nova Scotia with many pressures and challenges. Fishers are rightfully seeking more research and expressing concern about economic losses associated with the development of offshore wind.

The government plans to be offering licenses for 5 GW of offshore wind energy by 2030, with the first call for bids scheduled for 2025. While there are currently no offshore wind projects under development, the government's decision to release the first module of the Offshore Wind Roadmap is proactive. This roadmap outlines Nova Scotia's vision for offshore wind and provides a regulatory path for businesses interested in investing in these projects. The second module of the roadmap, slated for release in the spring, will shed further light on the development of a clear regulatory regime for jointly managed waters. It is expected to focus on supply chain, infrastructure and clean growth opportunities. The third module (expected fall 2024) will focus on input from stakeholders, including Mi’kmaq communities, fisheries, and academia. It will also incorporate feedback from the federal-provincial regional assessment of offshore wind development initiated in March 2023 with ongoing engagement beyond the module's release.

This approach ensures that all interested parties, including fisheries groups, have a say in shaping the future of offshore wind development in Nova Scotia. The Province is recognizing the economic importance of the fishing industry and seems committed to addressing concerns related to potential economic losses associated with offshore wind development. 

Successful Coexistence and Industry Considerations

The fishing industry is concerned about offshore wind's potential impact on jobs, fish populations, fishing operations, and overall economic and environmental impacts. There's concern that coastal wind turbine construction could jeopardize livelihoods and fish populations, prompting a call for more research into these effects. Additionally, concerns include disruptions requiring compensation and the need for alternative employment for fishers. Despite these concerns, it's important to note that offshore wind already coexists successfully with maritime and fishing industries, with close collaboration throughout development, construction, and operation. 

The coexistence of offshore wind and commercial fishing has been successfully demonstrated in various projects worldwide and Nova Scotia can draw upon these successes to design projects to account for common industry considerations. This includes collaboration throughout project development, allowing commercial fishing within wind farm boundaries, and coordinating turbine spacing and layouts in consultation with stakeholders and relevant authorities.

As we Nova Scotians wait for the outcome of ongoing consultations and the subsequent development of a regulatory framework, there is an opportunity for constructive dialogue. Although a disappointing pause, the government's responsiveness to feedback and commitment to a sustainable and inclusive energy future bode well for the province's long-term wind energy development.

For more of my thoughts on Nova Scotia's offshore wind, see here and here.

"The disease might hide the person underneath, but there's still a person in there who desperately needs your love and attention." ~Jamie Calandriello

~~~~~~~~~~

I would make the trip down to see her every few weeks. She would usually be working in the kitchen just inside the door, dressed smartly as always, hair freshly done, happy to see me but soon to be darting off to some local function. My Mom was a key member of the community and always in demand. Active in her church, the choir, local committees - always buzzing around, even into her early 80s. Smart. Sharp. Active. Caring. Respected.

Mom had been living alone since my brothers and I moved away from home to attend university many years ago. My Dad passed in 1984 and she never remarried. She loved him dearly and stated that she could never marry again. She was fiercely independent, raising three boys without a father. I know it was hard for her. I look back on those days and never felt like we missed out on anything. She provided for us always. Now it's our turn to return the favour. 

Little Changes

She was always articulate and clever but starting just a few years ago, we began to notice little changes. We'd notice them and then dismiss as her being tired, distracted, or overworked. In conversation, this once agile sharp-as-a-tack communicator would lose focus, miss the point, and drift mentally. She might blurt out something delayed or at inappropriate times. Large gatherings and family dinners became difficult for her. She was unable to keep up with conversation. She became forgetful, which was very odd for her. She was easily confused or distracted. Mom began neglecting her own needs, she rarely ate, became withdrawn, and (for a woman who was always active and energetic) began to spend her days at home watching endless television. When she began falling, that's when we knew something was definitely not right. 

She tripped on a sidewalk when she was out with my brother's family, breaking her arm. Another fall later and another broken bone. Then one night as she planned to head out for the evening with her neighbour, she missed the bottom step and fell hard onto the driveway pavement, breaking her hip. She laid in pain on the cold asphalt between her car and the garage door, hidden from view. The only reason she didn't die freezing to death that evening is because her neighbour soon came looking for her and called an ambulance. She was rushed to hospital where she underwent surgery and stayed there in recovery for 3 months. When she recovered, we arranged in-home care to be in place for her as she was sent home. This was a great help but she never felt that she needed it and often sent them away. It was a routine argument - us trying to make sure she was cared for and her sending them away. Her mental deterioration was progressing just as her physical mobility was improving. 

Risky Behaviors

She was making risky choices. Frequently climbing up and down the steep stairs into the basement, wandering around the back yard, etc. She confused easily. Her eyesight was increasingly poor. We fought to have her assessed and did not feel she was safe at home but her doctors disagreed. We figured out a system and she had several months of progress, eventually getting most of her mobility back. This was an amazing feat, but given my Mom's stubbornness, not surprising to anyone who knew her. Unfortunately her physical progress was inversely matching her mental decline. 

And she was still driving. A condition that rightfully gave all of us in the family a great deal of concern. On a bright sunny day, while running errands in the next town with her neighbour, the same one who saved her earlier when she broke her hip, she missed seeing a road construction flag man and plowed into a column of stopped cars. Both her and her passenger were rushed to hospital with facial and leg injuries. The occupants of the car she hit also ended up in hospital. Mom badly broke her foot and was in hospital again for another 3 months. Thankfully her car was no longer drivable and was sent to salvage. We fought the system once more to try and have her assessed but now it was in the early days of the pandemic and the system was under incredible strain. There were no beds to spare. They sent her home again. 

We reinstated her in home care, arranged deliveries of groceries, heating oil etc. - took turns visiting every weekend to check-in on her, help with bills, maintenance, and to make sure she had what she needed. This went on for several more months. People in the community also checked in on her, brought her food, provided company. She was well cared for. But she continued to decline mentally. Dementia is cruel. It robs a person of who they are. She no longer knew who she was or where she was in space and time, often reverting back to her early childhood. She could no longer function, look after herself, pay bills, etc. She was so vulnerable.

Into Residential Care

Just before Christmas of 2021, we received a call from her minister who had been speaking to her on the phone. She sounded "very off" he said - almost intoxicated, which would be very unusual as she did not drink. We spoke with her and being very concerned, ended up arranging another ambulance. My brother scrambled down to see her and we found out later that she’d had a mini stroke, a TIA. She was doing ok overall and the stroke did not leave her paralyzed or otherwise further incapacitated, but it greatly accentuated her dementia and confusion. Back in hospital they once again tried sending her home after she was assessed – that same night! 

My brother and I once again fought this confused, strained, Kafkaesque system and finally prevailed. She was assessed, deemed mentally incompetent, and placed on a waitlist for residential care. She stayed in transition in hospital until a space opened up for her. The time in transitional care was difficult for her. She became quiet and paranoid, thinking anything she heard or saw was directly related to our family and feeling like the system was coming after her. Thankfully after a couple of months and a whole lot of headache and heartache, we were able to move her into a nice residential care facility (RCF) with 24-hour care attendants that is located close to both my brother and I where we now see her every week. 

Dealing With the Aftermath

We worked for weeks over that spring and summer after she moved into the RCF to pack up her home (our childhood home) and ready it for sale. This was a grueling process but overall rewarding as we discovered all sorts of wonderful ephemera from our parents’ early lives together. Mom didn’t throw out anything of Dad’s. It was difficult but worthwhile getting to know him better by discovering interesting snippets of his life, Mom's early life that we didn’t know as well, and their early lives together. 

She is safe now and emotionally happy. The paranoia is gone, leaving a pleasant childlike wonder. She doesn't really communicate anymore, often just repeating back what she hears from others. But I know she understands some of what's going on and is genuinely happy. The heart-wrenching aspect of this illness is its slow, gradual separation of our loved ones from us. It's not just the individual afflicted by the disease who endures its effects; it also erodes the dignity of those it touches. I think she still remembers who I am but it doesn’t really matter if not. She still smiles when she sees me, even with my mask (yes those are back) and beard. She mostly lives in a jumbled misty time of her childhood on the farm as a little girl. That sounds pretty great to me. Music, especially the old hymns and Cape Breton fiddle music, make her happy. Our job now is to make sure her remaining days are as comfortable as we can for her.

I've been a pretty heavy user of social media since 2007, initially with facebook, but twitter really became my online home for many years. Now, in late 2023, the exodus from social media is very apparent. As many users partially or entirely disconnect from the big platforms, I've lost touch with lots of fun and interesting people. People are reevaluating their reliance on social media and considering the toll it takes on their well-being. The mass departure highlights the growing disillusionment with these platforms and the negative impacts they all have on our mental health and our ability to communicate effectively. I used to be part of several vibrant circles on twitter, with a fantastic group of online friends in the early to mid 2010s. But twitter, now X, is a ghost town today. Like an empty room with echoes of past interactions. 

I recently joined Bluesky to check it out. It's quiet too, like an early twitter. Clunky with simple features but also very few brands, no ads, trolls, scams, or spam - at least not yet that I can see. But the discourse there isn't like early twitter. We've all brought our baggage with us it seems. Still endless intentionally polarizing "if you think/say/do [thing], you are terrible" type takes and posts about how messed up our world is, but that's social media now. It has significantly altered the way we all think and communicate - and not for the better. The toxicity that permeates interactions online has seeped into our collective consciousness, shaping how we perceive the world and interact with one another. So, the exodus becomes a form of self-preservation - a conscious effort to escape the pull of an environment that thrives on division and sensationalism.

Many people are returning to the simplicity and authenticity that defined the early days of the internet. Personal websites and blogs, overshadowed for years by the bright lure of social media, are now experiencing a comeback. The benefit of a personal site or blog approach lies in the capacity to provide a curated, intimate space for personal self-expression. Unlike the noise of social media, personal sites allow people to craft narratives free from the constraints of algorithmic preferences and the divisive culture that plagues mainstream platforms. Users regain control over their digital identity, developing a deeper connection with their audience.

The resurgence of personal blogs signals a shift towards a more decentralized digital landscape. Rather than relying on a centralized platform to share content, users are embracing the autonomy that comes with managing their own sites. This movement mirrors the early days of the web, where people had the freedom to shape their online presence without the interference of corporate algorithms. To me, this shift is a counter-narrative to the prevailing discourse of social media. It is a deliberate choice to prioritize quality over quantity, depth over superficiality.

Can we break free from the ingrained habits and patterns that social media has instilled in us? Can we foster a healthier, more meaningful online discourse, one that prioritizes connection over confrontation? It seems to me the social media exodus is not just a departure; it's more of a call to action - a chance to redefine the way we engage with digital platforms and, ultimately, with each other.

The recent decision by the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the constitutionality of the Impact Assessment Act (IAA) is a significant development in the field of federal environmental assessment in Canada. This decision underscores the federal government's role in environmental assessment while emphasizing the necessity of respecting provincial jurisdiction. It is anticipated to instigate modifications in the Act to ensure that it aligns with constitutional requirements, ultimately reshaping the landscape of federal environmental assessment in Canada for years to come. This ruling does not immediately nullify the Act; however, it carries significant weight and is traditionally considered binding by the government. As a result, it triggers a legal and policy process that will require the federal government to reevaluate and adjust the Act to ensure its compliance with the Constitution and to establish a more balanced approach that respects provincial authority in environmental assessment.

Environmental assessment in Canada is a complex and multifaceted process that involves evaluating the environmental and social impacts of various resource and infrastructure projects. The IAA, enacted in 2019, was designed to provide a framework for assessing these impacts, taking into consideration environmental protection, Indigenous rights, and broader public interests. The "designated projects" scheme within the Act was a subject of contention. It allowed certain projects to be specified in regulations or subject to ministerial orders, bypassing a case-by-case evaluation. This aspect was criticized for potentially eroding the role of provinces in decision-making regarding environmental assessments.

The Supreme Court found this aspect to be unconstitutional, underlining that it encroached upon provincial jurisdiction. However, the decision did acknowledge that other sections of the Act dealing with projects conducted or financed by federal authorities on federal lands or outside Canada were constitutional. This ruling has wide implications for both the federal government's authority in environmental assessment and the role of provincial governments in this process, for example:

Federal Overreach and Constitutional Limits

The court's ruling emphasizes that the federal government had exceeded its constitutional authority in certain aspects of the Act. In particular, the "designated projects" scheme, which covers projects specified in regulations or subject to ministerial orders, was declared unconstitutional. This implies that the federal government must revisit and amend these sections of the legislation to bring them in line with the Constitution.

Reinforcement of Provincial Jurisdiction

One of the pivotal takeaways from this decision is the affirmation of provincial rights in the context of environmental assessment. The Constitution Act of 1867 grants provinces jurisdiction over areas related to activities primarily regulated by provincial legislatures. The Supreme Court's ruling underscores the vital role that provinces play in shaping and overseeing environmental assessment processes within their own jurisdictions.

Necessity of Collaborative Approaches

In light of the court's decision, the federal government must engage in extensive collaboration with provincial authorities to formulate a revised, constitutionally compliant approach to environmental assessment. This approach should strike a balance between the federal and provincial levels of government, respecting the legitimate interests and responsibilities of both in evaluating environmental and social impacts of projects.

Legal Clarity and Boundaries

This ruling provides much-needed legal clarity in a domain that has been characterized by debates and uncertainty. It delineates the boundaries of federal jurisdiction in environmental assessment, offering a framework that will guide federal impact assessment for the foreseeable future.

Impact on Ongoing Projects

The decision is anticipated to have implications for the 23 projects currently undergoing the federal impact assessment process under the Act. These projects will likely require adjustments to their assessment and approval processes to align with the court's ruling. This could lead to potential delays, additional scrutiny, or revisions in the projects' plans to ensure compliance with the revised legislative framework.

Reactions have been diverse. Some view it as a protective measure for provincial rights, ensuring that provinces have a say in environmental assessments conducted within their boundaries. Others see it as a setback to environmental protection legislation, arguing that it might hinder the federal government's ability to regulate and assess certain projects effectively. 

The decision highlights the need for a more balanced approach to federal environmental assessment in Canada, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of both the federal and provincial governments. It is expected to drive adjustments in the Act to align it with constitutional requirements and has set a precedent that will shape the future of federal impact assessment in the country. The impact on ongoing projects and the broader environmental assessment landscape in Canada will hopefully become clearer as the federal government works to ensure compliance with the court's ruling and foster a more collaborative and constitutionally sound approach to environmental assessment.

Mining projects are often managed by small, specialized teams responsible for planning and strategizing. Contractors and consultants get brought in to provide specific services within their defined scopes. This compartmentalized approach made sense in a simpler mining landscape. Over the last several years, the mining industry has witnessed ground-shifting developments. These changes are driven by a combination of factors, including evolving environmental regulations, uncertain economic realities, the rise of green energy, logistical challenges, and the complexities of mine financing. These dynamics have created a new reality for the industry - one that requires a more integrated and holistic approach.

The Need for a Holistic Approach

Today, mining operations must navigate a web of regulatory requirements, environmental considerations, and community engagement. This demands a broader perspective that goes beyond extracting minerals from the ground. The world's increasing focus on sustainability and green energy has placed additional pressure on the industry and mines are now expected to contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future. This shift has implications for how mining projects are planned and executed.

Logistics and supply chain considerations play a role in this transformation. As mines are often located in remote areas, efficient transportation of resources and products to market becomes a critical success factor. This, in turn, necessitates closer collaboration between mining companies, logistics providers, and other stakeholders.

The Approach in Action

So, what does this holistic approach to mining mean, and how does it differ from the traditional model? It's about viewing a mining project as a complete system rather than a collection of isolated scopes. It means fostering ongoing communication and collaboration between various groups involved in a mining project. Breaking down the barriers between different departments - from geologists and engineers to environmental specialists and financial analysts; each group should contribute to a unified vision and strategy for the entire project.

This approach looks at co-designing and co-planning to de-risk the project as a whole. For example, it means that environmental considerations are integrated into the earliest stages of project planning, not as an afterthought. It means that logistics and supply chain experts work closely with mining engineers to optimize transportation routes and minimize costs.

A more holistic approach to mining offers various advantages:

• By addressing potential issues from the earliest planning stages, the project can identify and mitigate risks more effectively. This proactive approach can save both time and money over the life of a project.

• Integrating various aspects of a project leads to increased efficiency. For example, by optimizing supply chain logistics early, mining companies can reduce transportation costs and improve overall project economics.

• Sustainability is increasingly important. A holistic approach allows mining projects to incorporate these practices from the beginning, minimizing environmental impacts while building strong, progressive relationships with Indigenous and local communities.

The mining industry is always evolving with new technologies and market dynamics regularly emerging. A holistic approach enables projects to readily adapt to changing circumstances and take advantage of new opportunities.

Integrating Holistic Practices

There are steps that mining companies can consider to integrate holistic management practices into their operations. 

• Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the operations to identify areas where holistic management practices can be integrated. This assessment should consider social, ecological, and economic factors and involve all stakeholders.

• Develop a management plan that outlines the goals, objectives, and strategies for integrating holistic management practices into the mining operation. This plan should be developed in collaboration with all stakeholders and should be adaptive to changing conditions.

• Implement digitalization and automation to improve and integrate operational processes in the industry.

• Adopt a holistic approach to post-mining management that considers the related risks and opportunities and sets up an appropriate risk management as well as a comprehensive monitoring system.

• Integrate industrial ecology thinking into waste management. A more preventive and recovery-oriented approach to waste management, integrated into mine planning and operations, could be both economically attractive and environmentally beneficial.

• Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the holistic management practices and adjust the plan as needed. This may involve collecting data on social, ecological, and economic factors and using this data to inform decision-making.

Looking Ahead 

Integrating holistic management practices into mining operations requires a comprehensive assessment, a holistic management plan, implementation, and monitoring & evaluation. It involves a collaborative approach that considers social, ecological, and economic factors and aims to manage mining operations in a way that is sustainable and regenerative.

Ultimately, the goal of any mining project is to reach production successfully. Projects that embrace a holistic approach are better positioned to achieve this goal, avoiding endless studies and delays. The days of treating mining projects as a series of separate scopes are coming to a close. Instead, successful projects will be those that recognize the interconnectedness of various aspects of mining and embrace a more integrated and collaborative approach.

Nova Scotia's path to harnessing its offshore wind energy resource represents a vital step in combating climate change and transitioning towards sustainable, clean energy sources. Experience in the conventional energy sector has produced a wealth of expertise, infrastructure, and valuable lessons that can benefit the developing offshore wind industry. 

Workforce, Regulatory Framework, and Innovation

I spent much of my career working in the offshore industry here in Nova Scotia, from the initial environmental surveys near Goldboro and on Sable Island, first gas at both Sable and Deep Panuke, through to decommissioning of those gas fields. This is an industry that knows how to work in the challenging environments of the Scotian Shelf and the skilled workforce and technical expertise trained in the conventional offshore sector can be readily transferred to the offshore wind industry. Engineers, technicians, and project managers possess valuable experience in offshore operations, safety protocols, and project management. This knowledge transfer accelerates the learning curve for offshore wind projects and enhances safety and efficiency.

The conventional offshore industry has provided Nova Scotia with an established regulatory framework for offshore activities. This framework encompasses safety standards, environmental assessments, and permitting processes. Nova Scotia recognizes the need for an updated regulatory regime tailored to offshore wind energy. Ensuring a streamlined and efficient permitting process is important for timely project approvals and minimizing economic costs. Adapting and expanding this regulatory regime to accommodate offshore wind energy demonstrates a pragmatic approach, ensuring that the industry operates within established guidelines and standards.

The physical and locational challenges faced by both offshore gas and wind in Nova Scotia are very similar. These include harsh weather conditions, marine logistics, and environmental considerations. As Nova Scotia switches towards offshore wind, there's a unique opportunity for cross-industry collaboration. Innovations in technology, such as remote monitoring, safety protocols, and environmental impact assessments, can be shared and adapted, leading to more efficient and eco-friendly operations.

Attracting Industry 

To reach its renewable energy goals, Nova Scotia must continue to attract the offshore wind industry to the region. This involves creating an environment conducive to investment, innovation, and long-term commitment. Nova Scotia is actively seeking ways to achieve this goal, working closely with industry stakeholders to encourage growth and development. For example, the province has released an offshore wind stakeholder engagement plan that reviews and summarizes best practices and lessons learned from offshore wind stakeholder engagement in the US Northeast market. 

Locally, Nova Scotia's offshore wind industry will be developed in consultation with fishers, First Nations, and other stakeholders and the province is reviewing provisions in its Marine Renewable-Energy Act to designate an "Area of Marine Renewable Energy Priority" for offshore wind in Nova Scotia's nearshore. An offshore wind roadmap was recently released that outlines potential routes to market for offshore wind energy. The roadmap says that offshore wind development will be jointly managed by the federal and provincial governments, which are busy creating a regime to oversee the arrival of offshore wind turbines. 

Other examples include the Strait of Canso Offshore Wind Task Force - a partnership between the Cape Breton Partnership and the Municipality of the District of Guysborough that is working to identify opportunities and challenges related to offshore wind development in the Strait of Canso. And very recently, Nova East Wind Inc, a joint venture between DP Energy and SBM Offshore, was established to develop Canada's first offshore wind farm off Goldboro, Nova Scotia. 

Navigating Challenges

One of the bigger hurdles Nova Scotia needs to overcome is ensuring sufficient capacity within the supply chain and transmission network. The supply chain includes the manufacturing, construction, and installation of wind turbines and their components, as well as the operation and maintenance of wind farms. The transmission network refers to the infrastructure that delivers the electricity generated by wind turbines to the grid and ultimately to consumers. In Nova Scotia, the existing transmission network may not have the capacity to handle the additional electricity generated by offshore wind turbines. This could lead to the need for upgrades to the transmission infrastructure, which could delay the development of offshore wind projects. In addition, the supply chain for offshore wind is still developing, and there may be limited capacity to manufacture and install turbines and their components. This could result in higher costs for developers and longer lead times for project development. 

The government of Nova Scotia is working to address these challenges by attracting the offshore wind industry to build wind farms off Nova Scotia's coast and expanding the mandate of the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board to include the regulation of offshore renewable energy. Establishing a robust infrastructure is essential to support the development and transmission of energy from offshore wind farms. This requires close collaboration between government, industry stakeholders, and investors.

The shift from gas to offshore wind aligns with the global transition towards cleaner energy sources. By diversifying the energy portfolio, Nova Scotia reduces its dependence on carbon-based energy while embracing sustainable alternatives. This aligns with the province's climate change goals and buffers the region from the economic volatility associated with the oil and gas industry. 

Nova Scotia's history of marine technological innovation is rooted in its maritime heritage. With a strategic location along the Atlantic Ocean, the province has developed a strong ecosystem of marine research and technological development. Early modern innovators include world-class research institutions like the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) that pioneered oceanographic research. Over the years, Nova Scotia's ocean tech sector has evolved, expanding into various subfields, including marine robotics, underwater acoustics, and environmental monitoring. 

The province serves as an ocean hub with active industries such as the Royal Canadian Navy and defense, ocean research and technology, mariculture, tech incubation, marine architecture and shipbuilding, and it's a gateway to the arctic and a major container port for North America. Its ocean tech industry is currently experiencing strong growth but still faces its share of obstacles. 

Some of the key challenges confronting this industry include:

• Labour issues - Finding skilled workers is a pressing issue for the marine technology sector, and it's not unique to Nova Scotia. A significant labour gap exists, hampering growth potential. Despite the sector's growth, the labour shortage is a bottle neck that has been present for years. This shortage is a challenge for the industry and is hindering its ability to expand and deliver new technologies to global markets. This gap is caused by several factors, including a lack of skilled workers, low graduation rates, loss of skilled workers as experienced personnel leave or retire, competition with other industries, and gaps in government funding and support.

• Operational scaling - While many ocean tech businesses in Nova Scotia are successful and profitable, most have yet to reach their full potential. Scaling operations is important for long-term growth. 

• Adapting to the changing climate - Nova Scotia's ocean tech sector is impacted by the effects of climate change and ocean acidification, posing risks to fisheries and mariculture. The industry must prioritize the development of innovative technologies that can help mitigate these effects. By doing so, it will play a pivotal role in safeguarding local ecosystems.

Despite these challenges, Nova Scotia's ocean tech sector has a robust local supply chain, producing a wide variety of specialized products. To develop growth, the industry should continue to focus on strategies such as:

• Investing in education and training - To overcome this hurdle, the industry must invest in education and training programs aimed at attracting and retaining talent, encourage youth participation, and foster an environment of inclusion and diversity. By offering specialized training and educational opportunities, the industry can attract a skilled workforce. Collaborating with local educational institutions can be a valuable step in this direction.

• Forging strategic partnerships - Building alliances with other sectors, such as clean energy, can unlock synergies and accelerate growth. Collaborative efforts can lead to the development of innovative solutions and the creation of new market opportunities. To achieve this, companies need to explore partnerships with other industries to leverage resources and expand their reach, lobby for increased government support, participate in funding programs, and invest in training and education.

• Embracing innovation - Continued innovation is essential to staying competitive in the global market. Encouraging research and development within the industry can yield solutions to both current and future challenges. Companies that develop technologies that meet the needs of the global markets do so by investing in research and development to create highly innovative products that are in high demand.

Examples of local organizations and agencies that are working on solving these issues include:

• Ocean Technology Council of Nova Scotia - a non-profit organization that represents the ocean technology sector in Nova Scotia

• Invest Nova Scotia (formerly Nova Scotia Business Inc) - a provincial government agency that works to attract investment and support business growth in Nova Scotia

• Centre For Ocean Ventures And Entrepreneurship (COVE) - a significant incubator organization in Nova Scotia's ocean tech sector. It is a collaborative facility for applied innovation in the ocean sector, located in Halifax. The Centre provides a space for ocean tech companies to work together and develop new products and services. It has a range of facilities, including office space, workshops, and testing tanks. COVE is an important player in Nova Scotia's ocean tech sector, providing a space for collaboration and innovation.

• Ocean Startup Challenge - provides funding and support to teams building innovation solutions to ocean industry challenges.

• Sustainable Oceans Applied Research - promotes sustainable ocean practices and research and are working to implement education and training programs in the sector.

The province's innovation in the sector has resulted in groundbreaking technologies that are now used globally. With a strong emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship, Nova Scotia stands as a prominent player in the ocean tech industry, shaping the future of marine exploration, conservation, and resource management. By addressing labour issues, scaling operations, and tackling climate change issues head-on, the industry can progress and contribute to the region's economic and environmental well-being.

I have been working over, on, or under the sea since the earliest stages of my career. My home province - Nova Scotia - is intricately linked to the ocean and wind and its maritime history is woven with shipbuilding, fishing, sailing, and ocean-going trade. The landscape and rugged coastline provided both challenges and opportunities for seafarers, influencing ship design, navigation techniques, and trade routes. Harnessing the wind facilitated trade between Atlantic Canada and other regions - laying the foundation for development of maritime industries that continue to play a vital role in the region's culture and economy today. 

As the region embraces wind energy, this historical connection between wind and the sea takes on a new dimension, marking a transition from reliance on wind for navigation to harnessing its power for sustainable energy generation. Nova Scotia especially is taking proactive steps towards taking advantage of its abundant offshore wind resources. 

Government Initiatives and Policy Framework

The commitment of the Nova Scotia government to promote offshore wind energy is a significant driver behind the growth of the sector. The province plans to offer leases for 5 gigawatts of offshore wind energy by 2030, with a first call for bids by 2025. This reflects the province's dedication to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and signals a shift towards sustainable economic development. This commitment is complemented by the federal government's introduction of regulatory amendments to facilitate the development of offshore wind farms in Atlantic Canada. These policy changes create a conducive environment for investment and innovation in the sector.

A unique aspect of the regulatory landscape in Atlantic Canada's offshore wind energy sector is the assignment of regulatory authority to jointly managed offshore boards. This collaborative approach involves both federal and provincial authorities working together to oversee the development of offshore wind projects. This framework ensures that projects adhere to environmental standards, maintain ecosystem health, and consider the interests of various stakeholders. Such collaboration is important for fostering responsible and balanced growth in the sector.

Timeline and Prospects

The timeline for the development of offshore wind energy in Atlantic Canada is ambitious but achievable. With the first offshore wind leases expected to be offered by 2025, the region could see the first wind turbines turning in its waters by the end of the decade. This progress is a testament to the collaborative efforts of governments, industry stakeholders, and environmental advocates. As the sector gains momentum, it opens up opportunities for job creation, technological innovation, and economic growth in the region.

While there are currently no operational offshore wind projects in Canada, the prospects for growth in this sector are highly promising. The global trend towards renewable energy, coupled with the abundant wind resources in Atlantic Canada, positions the region for substantial growth in offshore wind energy. This growth will contribute to energy diversification and also enhance energy security, reduce reliance on carbon-based fuels, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Identification of Suitable Development Areas

Before initiating a call for bids, authorities in Atlantic Canada will carefully identify areas that are suitable for offshore wind energy development, conservation, or fishing. This strategic approach helps strike a balance between energy generation and environmental preservation. The identification of appropriate zones for development minimizes conflicts between different ocean uses and ensures that offshore wind farms are located in areas with minimal impact on marine ecosystems and local communities.

Role in US Offshore Wind

In addition to our own sector growth, the strategic proximity of Atlantic Canada to New England's developing offshore wind projects holds broader industry promise for both regions. As the US accelerates its adoption of offshore wind energy, the Jones Act, which mandates the use of American-built and operated vessels for domestic maritime commerce, presents a challenge for their industry's growth. This is where Atlantic Canada's well-established maritime expertise and supply chain efficiencies come into play. The region's heritage and experience position it as a natural partner for the US offshore wind sector. With shared waters, Nova Scotia serves as a hub for supplying the necessary components and services, benefiting both economies while adhering to the Jones Act regulations. This collaboration showcases the potential for trans-border cooperation and demonstrates how historical ties and regional strengths can fuel the renewable energy transition in a sustainable and mutually beneficial manner.

Regional Benefits

Wind energy has several benefits for the region, including environmental, economic, and social advantages. In Nova Scotia, every megawatt of wind energy can reduce the province's greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 2,500 tonnes per year. Currently 12% of Nova Scotia's electricity comes from renewable sources, wind energy will diversify energy supplies away from traditional reliance on carbon-based generating plants. 

Wind is a key component of Nova Scotia's renewable energy targets and the province aims to generate 80% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. New wind energy projects in the province will provide clean power to approximately 350,000 homes, create hundreds of jobs, and generate millions of dollars in economic activity. Offshore wind energy is expected to play a significant role in achieving this goal.

Atlantic Canada's commitment to harnessing wind resources for clean energy production presents a unique opportunity for economic development while prioritizing environmental sustainability. As the sector gains momentum, it is important for all stakeholders to actively engage with the developments, identify potential challenges & opportunities, and contribute towards responsible and sustainable growth. 

It's an exciting and challenging time for the region. I'm glad to be part of it working with a company that is providing environmental guidance to this developing industry and seeing some of my former clients retool their organizations to work in this sector, bringing their substantial expertise to implement these important projects. By embracing the potential of offshore wind energy, Atlantic Canada can chart an international course towards a greener and more resilient energy future.

Recently, I was involved in the management of the environmental assessment process for a proposed wind farm in Atlantic Canada. Wind energy is an important part of the renewable energy mix and vital to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Conducting the EA in parallel with the engineering design is a common, yet complex and challenging process as the layouts and design are often not formalized early enough in the overall process. 

Integration of Environmental and Engineering Teams

The first challenge is ensuring that the EA process is integrated with the engineering design process. Collaboration between the EA team and the engineering team is essential. One way to address this challenge is to establish a multidisciplinary team that includes experts from both the environmental and engineering fields. Regular meetings between the teams will ensure that the engineering design and the EA process are properly aligned.

Identification and Assessment of Environmental Impacts

The second challenge is the potential for conflicts between environmental protection and energy production. Wind farms can have negative impacts on the environment, such as habitat fragmentation, bird and bat mortality, and noise pollution. A science-based approach must be used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the wind farm. This involves assessing the project's potential impacts on wildlife, vegetation, water quality, and other environmental factors. Mitigation measures should be identified and implemented to minimize any negative impacts. The project should also be designed in a way that avoids or minimizes environmental impacts to the extent possible.

Stakeholder Engagement

The third challenge is public perception and stakeholder engagement. Even though they are green energy wind farms can be controversial to some - with concerns about visual impact, noise, and potential impacts on property values. Effective stakeholder engagement is important to address these concerns early and ensure the project is developed in a socially responsible and sustainable manner. This includes conducting public consultations, holding open houses, and providing project information through a variety of channels, including traditional media, social media, and the web.

Schedule and Cost

In addition to these challenges, conducting the EA during the engineering design process will have schedule and cost considerations. It is important to keep these in mind to ensure that the project stays on track and within budget. The EA process can be time-consuming. Certain field assessments often need to occur during specific seasonal windows which may not be in sync with the engineering design schedule. Missing these windows may require revisiting the site to reassess the following season. This can lead to delays in overall project schedule and increase the project's overall cost. 

To address this, it's important to plan for the EA process early in the project by allocating design resources up front to the selection of equipment and the determination of layout. Or to build in optionality in the assessment so that minor changes later will not involve significant rework during the assessment process. 

Specialized Expertise

Another challenge is that the EA process requires specialized expertise and resources, which can increase the project's overall cost. For example, the project may require the services of environmental consultants, wildlife biologists, and other experts to assess potential environmental impacts. To address this challenge, it's important to budget for these resources early in the project and work with experienced experts.

Conducting environmental assessments in parallel with the engineering design presents unique challenges. These can be overcome through a multidisciplinary team approach, a science-based evaluation of potential environmental impacts, effective stakeholder engagement, and compliance with relevant regulations. By considering these challenges early and planning for them in collaboration with the greater project teams, your projects can move forward successfully.

As a consultant working in the renewable energy industry, I have seen firsthand the strides that have been made in recent years to promote sustainability and environmental stewardship. From advances in solar and wind technology to innovative approaches to energy storage and distribution, the renewable energy industry is leading the charge in the transition to a more sustainable future.

But while these technological advances are critical to achieving our sustainability goals, they are only part of the equation. True sustainability transformation requires a fundamental shift in the way we think about energy production and consumption, and the impact it has on our planet.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)

This is where ESG reporting comes in. ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, and refers to the key factors that investors and stakeholders use to evaluate a company's sustainability performance. By reporting on these factors, companies can provide a transparent and comprehensive view of their sustainability practices, and demonstrate their commitment to creating long-term value for both shareholders and society as a whole.

ESG reporting has become increasingly important in the renewable energy industry as investors and consumers alike become more conscious of the impact that their energy choices have on the environment. But it's not just about meeting regulatory requirements or appealing to a particular market segment - it's about creating a sustainable business model that is resilient to the challenges of the 21st century.

For example, a company that prioritizes sustainability in its business strategy will be better equipped to deal with the physical risks of climate change, such as extreme weather events or supply chain disruptions. By reducing its carbon footprint and investing in renewable energy sources, it can also mitigate the transition risks associated with the shift away from fossil fuels.

Opportunities

ESG reporting is an opportunity to showcase the positive impact that a company is having on the environment and society. By measuring and reporting on its social and environmental impact, a company can demonstrate its commitment to sustainable development and stakeholder engagement, and build trust with its customers and investors.

A company that invests in community outreach programs or supports local environmental initiatives can build a positive reputation and differentiate itself from competitors. By reporting on these activities, it can demonstrate the tangible benefits that it is bringing to society, and create a sense of purpose and shared values among its stakeholders.

Challenges

But ESG reporting is not without its challenges. One of the biggest obstacles is the lack of standardization and transparency in reporting practices. Without a common framework for measuring and reporting on ESG factors, it can be difficult for investors and stakeholders to compare performance across companies, and to make informed decisions about where to allocate their resources.

To address this challenge, a number of initiatives have been launched in recent years to promote standardization and transparency in ESG reporting. For example, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) has developed industry-specific standards for reporting on sustainability performance, while the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) has developed a framework for reporting on climate-related risks and opportunities.

By adopting standards and frameworks, companies can provide more meaningful and comparable information about their sustainability performance, and enable investors and stakeholders to make more informed decisions about where to allocate their resources.

I've been managing increasingly complex projects in one form or another for over 25 years now. Project management can be a daunting task for anyone, especially for those who are not trained in the field. However, there are several project management tips that can help even non-project managers to run successful projects. 

Here are five essential project management tips that can be applied to any project, regardless of size or complexity.

1. Encourage clear and effective communication

Communication is the key to the success of any project. As a project manager, it is your responsibility to ensure that all team members understand their roles and responsibilities, the project objectives, and the timeline. Clear communication ensures that everyone is on the same page and has a shared understanding of the project goals.

To foster clear communication, it is essential to establish regular check-ins and status updates, whether through email, instant messaging, or other communication channels. It is also important to be available and approachable, so team members can ask questions and get clarifications as needed.

2. Set clear goals for your project

One of the critical project management tips is setting clear goals for your project. This involves defining the project's scope, objectives, and deliverables. Without clear goals, it is challenging to track progress and measure success. It is also essential to set realistic and achievable goals that align with the project's resources and timeline.

To set clear goals, it is important to involve all stakeholders, including team members, clients, and any other relevant parties. This ensures that everyone has a shared understanding of the project's goals and can work towards achieving them.

3. Choose & use the right tools to monitor progress

Project management tools are essential for monitoring progress and tracking project milestones. They can help keep team members on track and ensure that tasks are completed on time. Some of the essential project management tools include Gantt charts, project management software, and other productivity tools.

When choosing project management tools, it is important to consider the needs of the project and the team members. The tools should be user-friendly and easy to navigate, and they should support collaboration and communication.

4. Work with a flexible team whose skills combine well

A successful project requires a team whose skills and experience complement each other. As a project manager, it is your responsibility to ensure that you have the right people on your team. This involves identifying team members' strengths and weaknesses and assigning roles and responsibilities accordingly.

It is also essential to foster a culture of collaboration and teamwork. This involves creating an environment where team members feel comfortable sharing their ideas and opinions, and where everyone feels valued and respected.

5. Keep your project team members motivated as best you can

Motivation is essential for ensuring that team members remain focused and committed to the project. As a project manager, it is your responsibility to keep team members motivated throughout the project. This involves recognizing and rewarding their efforts and achievements and providing support and encouragement when needed.

To keep team members motivated, it is important to set realistic and achievable goals, provide regular feedback and support, and recognize team members' contributions. It is also essential to create a positive and supportive work environment, where team members feel valued and appreciated.

Project management can be challenging, but with the right tips, even non-PMs can run successful projects. By fostering clear and effective communication, setting clear goals, choosing and using the right tools to monitor progress, working with a flexible team whose skills combine well, and keeping your team members motivated, you can ensure that your project runs smoothly and achieves its objectives.

Our lack of confidence is not the result of difficulty. The difficulty comes from our lack of confidence - Seneca

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In today's increasingly complicated and uncertain world, self-confidence is a quality that empowers us to succeed in both our personal and professional circles. While many philosophies and approaches can help us boost self-assurance, there are a number of timeless principles that go beyond specific philosophies. In this short post, I highlight some of the key principles that can help anyone build self-confidence, offering practical insights that can be applied to daily life.

Focus on What You Can Control

One very important lesson for building self-confidence is to concentrate on those aspects of life that are within your control. Much of the harm done to ourselves through worry and stress comes from focusing on things that we have no control over. Direct your energy to managing your thoughts, attitudes, and actions - all items that are within your control. By doing so, you will cultivate a sense of agency and empowerment, regardless of external circumstances. This newfound sense of control over your inner world can significantly boost your self-assuredness.

Act in Accordance with Your Values

Another principle for building self-confidence is the importance of aligning your actions with your values. Regardless of external opinions or pressures, consistently acting in accordance with your deeply held principles can help you forge a profound sense of self-respect and confidence in your character. Prioritizing your moral compass over external validation empowers you to build a resilient core of self-belief.

Take Control of Your Actions

Low self-esteem often thrives on inaction, procrastination, and unproductive habits. Taking charge of your actions, choosing habits that reflect your values, and actively working towards self-improvement are critical steps. Through deliberate and disciplined action, you can break free from self-doubt and gradually build the self-confidence needed to confront life's challenges head-on.

Embrace Failure

A universal truth is that everyone encounters failure at some point. Building self-confidence involves viewing failure as a valuable opportunity for growth and learning rather than as a reflection of your self-worth. This perspective shift allows you to develop resilience and self-confidence in your ability to overcome setbacks. By acknowledging that failure is a natural part of life, you can approach challenges with a more positive mindset and the confidence to persevere.

Focus on Progress, Not Perfection

I often struggle with this one. Perfectionism can hinder self-confidence - instead, focus on continuous progress. Set achievable goals and concentrate on incremental steps toward self-improvement. This practical approach helps you avoid the fear of falling short and fosters a sense of accomplishment. Recognize that self-confidence is built through progress, not by aiming for unattainable ideals.

Building self-confidence is a goal that can be achieved by applying some timeless principles. By concentrating on what you can control, aligning your actions with your values, taking charge of your behaviors, embracing failure as a learning opportunity, and focusing on progress, you can gradually cultivate unwavering self-assurance. These principles empower you to become a resilient individual who is less influenced by external circumstances and the opinions of others, ultimately leading to a deeper sense of self-confidence that positively impacts every aspect of your life.

Caring for my elderly mother with dementia while maintaining a busy consulting career has been one of the most challenging experiences of my life so far. I've had to juggle my responsibilities as a caregiver while ensuring that my work obligations are met. It can be overwhelming and exhausting, often leading to considerable stress and fatigue. 

Challenges of Caring for a Loved One with Dementia

One of the most significant challenges I've faced is my time management. Balancing my mother's needs with my career obligations has been a constant struggle. It requires careful planning, coordination, and organization to ensure that everything is taken care of. There have been times when I've had to sacrifice my own needs to make sure that my mother is taken care of properly.

Navigating the complexities of medical care can be very kafkaesque, especially here in Nova Scotia during a pandemic. There have been instances where I've had to angrily fight the system to ensure that my mother received the proper care. It has been exhausting and stressful, making it difficult for me to take care of my own self. Thankfully I have two brothers and their families to help out and we have all worked together to share the load. 

Getting her in to proper long term care was such a big relief, and organizing, packing, cleaning, and selling her home (our childhood home) was emotionally draining, physically taxing, and took 4 months of effort. I was very lucky to have all the support of family through this period. 

Things are a bit easier now with her being properly cared for in residential care, and she is much closer to me now so I get to see her more often. Weekly in most cases, whereas I might only have seen her 3 or 4 times a year before. 

Benefits of Caring for a Loved One with Dementia

Despite these challenges, there are benefits to caring for my mother in her dementia. I spend more quality time with her now. And she has a different outlook on things. Dementia has stripped away the complexity of her life, leaving her with a newfound appreciation for the simple things. 

My mother has reverted to an almost childlike sense of wonder and is often more aware of her distant past than she ever was before her diagnosis. As such we are getting all sorts of interesting snippets of her life on the farm in rural Pictou County. Although many of her stories are jumbled together and likely not accurate, it presents a sense of what life was like for her years ago, and emotionally this makes her very happy. 

Over the past couple of years, I've learned how to manage my time, juggle my responsibilities, and navigate a complex, maxed out, and at times uncaring health system. Most importantly, I've had the opportunity to spend time with my mother and create meaningful memories together. While it can be a difficult journey, with patience, dedication, and love, caregivers can successfully balance their careers and other life responsibilities while enjoying the benefits of spending time with a loved one who has a new perspective on life. 

Have you ever felt like you're faking it at times in your professional life? If so, you're not alone. Imposter Syndrome is a psychological pattern that causes individuals to doubt their abilities and fear being exposed as frauds, despite evidence of their competence.

Embracing Growth, Resilience, and Self-Acceptance in Your Professional Journey 

As someone who has experienced these feelings, I know how challenging it can be to overcome this sense of doubt and insecurity. Throughout my career, I've often felt like I just fell into certain roles without having the right qualifications or training. I've often had to figure things out on my own without a lot of assistance, and this has caused me to question my abilities and feel like an imposter at times. Recognizing that these feelings are a common experience and having an open conversation with colleagues has often helped me gain perspective. 

It's important to focus on accomplishments and the hard work that led us here. Success is not defined by being an expert in a particular area or never making mistakes. Success is defined by being resilient, persistent, and continuously learning and growing as a professional. Seeking support and guidance from mentors or colleagues is beneficial as they can offer valuable feedback to help us realize that we are not alone in our experiences.

Believe in Yourself as a Professional 

As professionals, we need to be careful not to be too self-deprecating and critical, and to believe the feedback from our team when they acknowledge our contributions and expertise in the field. It's okay to make mistakes and have moments of doubt. Those don't diminish the value of our work or our competence as professionals.

Imposter Syndrome is a common feeling that many professionals experience, but we can overcome this mentality by recognizing our accomplishments, seeking support from colleagues, and focusing on our growth and development as professionals.

As a consultant working in the energy and environmental sectors, I have experienced my fair share of stress in the workplace. The constant demand for high-quality work, long hours, and the pressure to meet deadlines all take a toll on one’s mental and physical health. 

Stress can manifest in a variety of ways, including fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms such as headaches and muscle tension. By recognizing these signs, you can take steps to manage your stress before it becomes overwhelming.

Take Breaks

One of the best ways to manage stress is to take breaks throughout the day. It's easy to get caught up in your work and forget to take a break, but this can lead to burnout. Instead, try to take a few minutes every hour or so to step away from your work and recharge. You can take a short walk, do some stretching exercises, or simply sit quietly and meditate. 

By taking regular breaks, you can reduce your stress levels and increase your productivity.

Prioritize Your Workload

Another way to manage stress is to prioritize your workload. When you have too much on your plate, it can be tempting to try to do everything at once. However, this can lead to even more stress and a decrease in the quality of your work. Instead, prioritize your tasks and focus on the most important ones first. This will help you feel more in control and reduce your stress levels.

Maintain Work-Life Balance

It's also essential to maintain a healthy work-life balance. When work takes up all of your time and energy, it can be challenging to find time for the things you enjoy outside of work. However, it's important to make time for hobbies, family, and friends. These activities can help you relax and recharge, reducing your stress levels and increasing your overall well-being.

In addition to taking breaks and prioritizing your workload, there are other strategies you can use to manage stress. For example, exercise is an excellent way to reduce stress and improve your overall health. Even a short walk or quick workout can help you feel more energized and focused.

Consider Mindfulness Techniques

Mindfulness is another strategy that can be effective in managing stress. Mindfulness involves focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting your thoughts and feelings without judgment. By practicing mindfulness, you can reduce your stress levels and improve your overall well-being.

Get Support if Too Much 

If you find that your stress levels become overwhelming despite these strategies, it may be time to seek support. Whether it's talking to a colleague, a friend, or a professional counselor, seeking support can help you manage stress and maintain your well-being. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.

Managing stress in your professional life is important for maintaining your obligations and not burning out. By recognizing the signs of stress, taking breaks throughout the day, prioritizing your workload, maintaining a healthy work-life balance, exercising, practicing mindfulness, and reaching out for support, you can effectively manage stress and maintain your overall well-being. 

Remember, managing stress is an ongoing process that requires consistent effort and attention and it's not a one-size-fits-all approach. What works for one person may not work for another. It's essential to find the strategies that work best for you and to make them a regular part of your routine.

I'm lucky to live by the sea. In fact, I'm only a five minute drive from some very nice beaches. The water is cold all year but I enjoy spending time walking them up and down.

This gull was soaring overhead on a recent walk. With the wind a steady strong breeze, she just seemed to hover there, watching me. She even stopped for me to take her photo. 

This trail located close to my home offers an abundance of natural beauty and beautiful views. The autumn season is a perfect time to explore this area, as the foliage transforms into a vibrant array of colors that accentuates the rugged terrain. The high exposed bedrock ridges, carved by ancient glaciers, create a unique and striking landscape that is characteristic of the granite uplands region of the province. The ridge is covered with trees, including red spruce, jack pine, and tamarack. In autumn, the bright red heathland shrubs add a pop of color to the landscape and create a stunning contrast.

The Tragedy Behind the Name

The history behind the name is tragic and dates back to 1842 when two young girls wandered off, got lost in the forest, and died together of exposure. The sisters (4 and 6), who are often referred to now as the "Babes in the Woods" have left a lasting impression on the local community, and their memory lives on to this day. The cemetery at the Woodlawn United Church is their final resting place, where they are buried together. 

Prepare for the Trail

The trail is a moderate hike, approximately 5k in and out. The difficulty level varies depending on the time of year. It's not an official trail but has been in use for a number of years so it's well-worn and fairly easy to navigate. To access the trailhead, you will need to park your vehicle by the side of the road and walk along the power transmission corridor, which can be a bit tricky. Given the terrain and potential obstacles along the way, good boots are recommended to ensure you can complete the hike comfortably and safely. 

I used to have more time to write about the things I enjoy. For a few years I often wrote about heavy music and provided some year-end reviews for my friend Ryan's site over at Here To Destroy

some examples listed here:

My best of 2015 

My best of 2016 

My best of 2017 

I turned 50 this month. Here are 50 lessons I've learned by my 50th birthday. These are mine. Yes yours are different.

1. Life is not fair. Teach that to your kids.

2. That thing that hurts or is bugging you? Get it checked out.

3. People everywhere are all the same. They love their families and their kids and want the best for them.

4. Most people are well intentioned.

5. Most people are ill informed.

6. Everything changes. Usually just when you're finally comfortable.

7. Challenges become the greatest instructors.

8. Expect nothing.

9. Welcome everything. This one is hard.

10. No one owes you anything.

11. You don't owe anyone anything.

12. You really don't know as much as you think you do.

13. You know more than you think you do.

14. You are capable of anything when the right motivations kick in.

15. Make yourself a priority.

16. Walk with your kids in the woods.

17. Wear sunscreen. It's important.

18. Drop toxic emotionally draining people.

19. Fly your own flag. No one else will.

20. Be genuine.

21. Be aware of your own hypocrisy and work to cut it out.

22. You're tougher than you think in the moments that count.

23. You are responsible for your actions. In this current world of external blame, personal accountability is incredibly valuable.

24. Listen to your gut.

25. Pay close attention in moments of true fear. It's your spidey-sense honed by millenia of evolution. It will guide you.

26. Playfully tease your children. It arms them and builds resilience.

27. You control your reactions to external events, they don't control you.

28. Outside is better.

29. Travel away from your cultural experience. It grounds you.

30. Lean on supports when needed.

31. Eat together as a family when you can.

32. Pay attention to both the beauty and the warnings.

33. People betray. Know who you can trust.

34. Aim for understanding and compassion.

35. It's ok if you don't read all those books.

36. Pragmatism kicks idealism in the balls.

37. The approval of others is not always important.

38. You already know what being a good person means. So be it.

39. Buy a waterpik.

40. Collect experiences.

41. You are not invincible. Lifestyle choices have impacts.

42. Help people in need when you can.

43. Take action when others can't or won't.

44. Don't take shit, unless deserved. Then take all of it.

45. Appreciate the small rituals.

46. Admit fault.

47. Forgive yourself.

48. Be your own advocate.

49. No one cares what you used to do. Only what you do.

50. Your word is all you really own. Be careful with it.